Bulilima-Mangwe Institute of Technology

About the course

This course develops your ability to analyse property information and support valuation and estate-management decisions. Learning combines technical study with practical tasks relevant to Southern African organisations and communities.

What you'll learn

Collect and interpret property, market and site information.
Apply an appropriate valuation or management method to a defined case.
Prepare a clear report explaining assumptions, evidence and limitations.

Requirements

Entry requires a relevant National Certificate or A Level subjects in the field. English Language is required. A completed National Diploma may support second-year entry to a related degree only after BMIT approves module equivalence and any professional requirements.
African Kalanga is a compulsory graduation subject in every year of this programme. BMIT confirms the approved entry route, any recognition of prior learning and access to required practical facilities before enrolment.

Course content

Sections: 4

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Activities: 1

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Resources: 24

Subjects in this programme

The programme combines supporting studies, specialist subjects and practical integration. Each subject below includes its learning focus, outcomes, practice and assessment.

19 subjects are listed below, with a short description of each. The Subject descriptions tab contains the learning outcomes, topics, practical tasks and assessments.

Specialist subjects

Property Valuation 2. Explore the measurement and appraisal of work or property using explicit assumptions. Practice centres on a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report, drawing on purpose, scope and measurement information and units, descriptions and quantity take-off. You will record findings, justify decisions and check measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.
Property Development. Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.
Property Law. Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.
Principles Of Economics. Explore the interpretation of economic choices, markets and resource constraints. Practice centres on an economic case analysis with a simple data display, drawing on scarcity, incentives and opportunity cost and demand, supply and price formation. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the assumptions behind the explanation and the distribution of effects.
Estate Agency Practice. Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.
Building Services. Explore the coordination of materials, work methods and resources on a construction task. Practice centres on a construction method plan and inspection record, drawing on drawings, specifications and work requirements and materials, storage and site preparation. You will record findings, justify decisions and check buildability, resource assumptions and conformity with the brief.
Property Accounting And Finance. Explore the recording of transactions and preparation of financial information. Practice centres on an accounting file from source documents to financial statements, drawing on source documents and the accounting equation and double-entry records and journals. You will record findings, justify decisions and check completeness, classification, arithmetic and reconciliation.
Spatial Planning For Valuation. Explore the measurement and appraisal of work or property using explicit assumptions. Practice centres on a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report, drawing on purpose, scope and measurement information and units, descriptions and quantity take-off. You will record findings, justify decisions and check measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.
Research Methods For Valuation. Explore the design of a focused investigation using traceable evidence. Practice centres on a research proposal and small investigation, drawing on problem definition and research questions and finding and evaluating literature. You will record findings, justify decisions and check whether the conclusions follow from the evidence.
Property Economics. Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.
Project Management. Explore the planning and control of a defined project. Practice centres on a project plan with a progress and completion report, drawing on problem, objectives and scope and activities, dependencies and schedules. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the consistency of scope, resources, timing and evidence of completion.

Foundations and shared practice

Quantitative Methods And Techniques. Explore mathematical reasoning for interpreting measurements and solving vocational problems. Practice centres on a worked problem portfolio using occupational data, drawing on units, ratios and numerical accuracy and algebraic relationships and equations. You will record findings, justify decisions and check units, numerical accuracy and the reasonableness of the result.
National Studies. Explore the relationship between citizenship, public institutions and working life. Practice centres on a local public-service case review, drawing on constitutional principles and public institutions and citizenship and civic responsibilities. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the distinction between fact, opinion and unsupported claims.
Entrepreneurial Skills Development. Explore the development of a viable small enterprise from a defined customer need. Practice centres on a small-enterprise plan and test record, drawing on customer problems and enterprise opportunities and products, services and value propositions. You will record findings, justify decisions and check whether the financial assumptions and customer evidence support the proposal.

Practical integration

Valuation Project. Bring together the programme's technical learning in a focused project. Choose a manageable problem involving property valuation 2, property development. Define the required output, gather evidence and develop a justified response. Present the completed work with its method, results and limitations, then explain the improvements made following feedback.
On The Job Education And Training. Apply your learning through agreed duties in a supervised workplace. You will connect property valuation 2, property development with routine service or production responsibilities. Keep evidence of preparation, work completed and feedback. Review your progress with the supervisor and explain how your decisions affect quality, safety and other people.
Skills Proficiency. Demonstrate the practical skills developed across the programme. Tasks integrate property valuation 2, property development within an agreed work brief. You will prepare resources, carry out the authorised task and check the result. Your evidence should show consistent performance, accurate records and an explanation of decisions within your learner role.

African History and Pan Africanism

African History and Pan Africanism 101 (Level 1, compulsory core module): Study African history through oral, written and archaeological evidence. Examine the diversity of African societies, knowledge and exchange, then trace the emergence of Pan African ideas about identity, solidarity and self-determination.
African History and Pan Africanism 201 (Level 2, compulsory core module): Examine colonial change, resistance and liberation across Africa, with attention to Zimbabwe and South Africa. Compare Pan African movements, organisations and debates, including contributions from women, workers and diaspora communities.

Assessment and practical learning

Suggested learning checks: analyse applied problems and justify your decisions using relevant evidence.
Suggested practical assessment: complete a supervised project or portfolio with a clear method, results and evaluation.
Present and defend your recommendations, then revise the work in response to assessor feedback.

Practical application

Prepare a property case portfolio with inspection information, market evidence, calculations and a reasoned valuation or management report.

African History and Pan Africanism practical learning

African History and Pan Africanism 101: Create an annotated timeline or digital learning poster on a selected African society or historical development. Compare at least two credible sources and explain one connection with your field of study.
African History and Pan Africanism 201: Develop a comparative case study of a liberation issue or Pan African debate relevant to Southern Africa. Use a historical document alongside a scholarly account and explain differences in purpose and interpretation.

Subject descriptions

Each subject below includes its purpose, learning outcomes, main topics, practical task and assessment approach.

Property Valuation 2

Specialist subjects

Explore the measurement and appraisal of work or property using explicit assumptions. Practice centres on a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report, drawing on purpose, scope and measurement information and units, descriptions and quantity take-off. You will record findings, justify decisions and check measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.

Learning outcomes

Extract quantities or property information from reliable evidence.
Apply a stated pricing or valuation method consistently.
Present an appraisal with assumptions and supporting calculations.

Main topics

Purpose, scope and measurement information
Units, descriptions and quantity take-off
Rates, market evidence and cost build-up
Schedules, estimates and comparison
Adjustments, uncertainty and sensitivity
Supporting records and appraisal reporting

Practical task

For Property Valuation 2, prepare a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Property Development

Specialist subjects

Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Learning outcomes

Collect property information for a defined appraisal or management purpose.
Compare options using relevant market and operating evidence.
Prepare a report with clear assumptions and supporting records.

Main topics

Property types, interests and responsibilities
Inspection and property records
Market evidence and comparison
Occupancy, maintenance and operating costs
Transactions, client communication and documentation
Property appraisal and management reporting

Practical task

For Property Development, prepare a property inspection and management case report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Property Law

Specialist subjects

Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Learning outcomes

Collect property information for a defined appraisal or management purpose.
Compare options using relevant market and operating evidence.
Prepare a report with clear assumptions and supporting records.

Main topics

Property types, interests and responsibilities
Inspection and property records
Market evidence and comparison
Occupancy, maintenance and operating costs
Transactions, client communication and documentation
Property appraisal and management reporting

Practical task

For Property Law, prepare a property inspection and management case report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Principles Of Economics

Specialist subjects

Explore the interpretation of economic choices, markets and resource constraints. Practice centres on an economic case analysis with a simple data display, drawing on scarcity, incentives and opportunity cost and demand, supply and price formation. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the assumptions behind the explanation and the distribution of effects.

Learning outcomes

Explain an economic relationship using a relevant example.
Interpret an economic indicator without overstating its meaning.
Compare the effects of a market or policy change on different participants.

Main topics

Scarcity, incentives and opportunity cost
Demand, supply and price formation
Production, costs and market structures
Income, employment and inflation
Money, finance and exchange-rate effects
Policy choices and evidence-based interpretation

Practical task

For Principles Of Economics, prepare an economic case analysis with a simple data display in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of the assumptions behind the explanation and the distribution of effects.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Estate Agency Practice

Specialist subjects

Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Learning outcomes

Collect property information for a defined appraisal or management purpose.
Compare options using relevant market and operating evidence.
Prepare a report with clear assumptions and supporting records.

Main topics

Property types, interests and responsibilities
Inspection and property records
Market evidence and comparison
Occupancy, maintenance and operating costs
Transactions, client communication and documentation
Property appraisal and management reporting

Practical task

For Estate Agency Practice, prepare a property inspection and management case report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Assessment

Direct observation of the task, the completed output and oral explanation of the method. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Building Services

Specialist subjects

Explore the coordination of materials, work methods and resources on a construction task. Practice centres on a construction method plan and inspection record, drawing on drawings, specifications and work requirements and materials, storage and site preparation. You will record findings, justify decisions and check buildability, resource assumptions and conformity with the brief.

Learning outcomes

Interpret the information needed to prepare a construction task.
Plan a suitable sequence with resources and quality checks.
Evaluate completed work using drawings and inspection evidence.

Main topics

Drawings, specifications and work requirements
Materials, storage and site preparation
Work methods and construction sequence
Labour, plant and resource coordination
Inspection, measurement and quality records
Site responsibilities, handover and defects

Practical task

For Building Services, prepare a construction method plan and inspection record in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of buildability, resource assumptions and conformity with the brief.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Property Accounting And Finance

Specialist subjects

Explore the recording of transactions and preparation of financial information. Practice centres on an accounting file from source documents to financial statements, drawing on source documents and the accounting equation and double-entry records and journals. You will record findings, justify decisions and check completeness, classification, arithmetic and reconciliation.

Learning outcomes

Record transactions using appropriate accounts and source evidence.
Reconcile records and correct identified errors.
Prepare financial information with a clear supporting audit trail.

Main topics

Source documents and the accounting equation
Double-entry records and journals
Ledgers, trial balance and error correction
Reconciliation and period-end adjustments
Financial statements and supporting schedules
Internal controls and interpretation of results

Practical task

For Property Accounting And Finance, prepare an accounting file from source documents to financial statements in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of completeness, classification, arithmetic and reconciliation.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Spatial Planning For Valuation

Specialist subjects

Explore the measurement and appraisal of work or property using explicit assumptions. Practice centres on a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report, drawing on purpose, scope and measurement information and units, descriptions and quantity take-off. You will record findings, justify decisions and check measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.

Learning outcomes

Extract quantities or property information from reliable evidence.
Apply a stated pricing or valuation method consistently.
Present an appraisal with assumptions and supporting calculations.

Main topics

Purpose, scope and measurement information
Units, descriptions and quantity take-off
Rates, market evidence and cost build-up
Schedules, estimates and comparison
Adjustments, uncertainty and sensitivity
Supporting records and appraisal reporting

Practical task

For Spatial Planning For Valuation, prepare a measured schedule, estimate or valuation report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of measurement consistency, evidence quality and arithmetic.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Quantitative Methods And Techniques

Foundations and shared practice

Explore mathematical reasoning for interpreting measurements and solving vocational problems. Practice centres on a worked problem portfolio using occupational data, drawing on units, ratios and numerical accuracy and algebraic relationships and equations. You will record findings, justify decisions and check units, numerical accuracy and the reasonableness of the result.

Learning outcomes

Select a mathematical method suited to a stated problem.
Show calculations with consistent units and clear assumptions.
Check the result against an independent estimate or known constraint.

Main topics

Units, ratios and numerical accuracy
Algebraic relationships and equations
Graphs, tables and interpretation
Geometry and measurement applications
Descriptive statistics and variation
Model assumptions, checking and technical reporting

Practical task

For Quantitative Methods And Techniques, prepare a worked problem portfolio using occupational data in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of units, numerical accuracy and the reasonableness of the result.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Research Methods For Valuation

Specialist subjects

Explore the design of a focused investigation using traceable evidence. Practice centres on a research proposal and small investigation, drawing on problem definition and research questions and finding and evaluating literature. You will record findings, justify decisions and check whether the conclusions follow from the evidence.

Learning outcomes

Formulate a question suited to the available evidence and resources.
Collect and analyse information using a documented method.
Present conclusions supported by findings and stated limitations.

Main topics

Problem definition and research questions
Finding and evaluating literature
Sampling and data-collection choices
Consent, confidentiality and research integrity
Organising and analysing evidence
Interpreting results and reporting limitations

Practical task

For Research Methods For Valuation, prepare a research proposal and small investigation in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of whether the conclusions follow from the evidence.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Property Economics

Specialist subjects

Explore the use of property information to support responsible ownership and service decisions. Practice centres on a property inspection and management case report, drawing on property types, interests and responsibilities and inspection and property records. You will record findings, justify decisions and check evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Learning outcomes

Collect property information for a defined appraisal or management purpose.
Compare options using relevant market and operating evidence.
Prepare a report with clear assumptions and supporting records.

Main topics

Property types, interests and responsibilities
Inspection and property records
Market evidence and comparison
Occupancy, maintenance and operating costs
Transactions, client communication and documentation
Property appraisal and management reporting

Practical task

For Property Economics, prepare a property inspection and management case report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of evidence relevance, stated property interests and defensible assumptions.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Project Management

Specialist subjects

Explore the planning and control of a defined project. Practice centres on a project plan with a progress and completion report, drawing on problem, objectives and scope and activities, dependencies and schedules. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the consistency of scope, resources, timing and evidence of completion.

Learning outcomes

Translate a project brief into a workable plan.
Track progress, expenditure and changes against the plan.
Evaluate delivery and identify practical improvements.

Main topics

Problem, objectives and scope
Activities, dependencies and schedules
Resources, budgets and procurement needs
Stakeholders and communication
Risk, quality and change control
Progress measures, completion and lessons

Practical task

For Project Management, prepare a project plan with a progress and completion report in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of the consistency of scope, resources, timing and evidence of completion.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

National Studies

Foundations and shared practice

Explore the relationship between citizenship, public institutions and working life. Practice centres on a local public-service case review, drawing on constitutional principles and public institutions and citizenship and civic responsibilities. You will record findings, justify decisions and check the distinction between fact, opinion and unsupported claims.

Learning outcomes

Explain the role of public institutions in a community issue.
Compare perspectives using identifiable evidence.
Prepare a reasoned civic or workplace contribution.

Main topics

Constitutional principles and public institutions
Citizenship and civic responsibilities
Zimbabwean history and national development
Cultural diversity and community participation
Work, enterprise and public services
Evidence, public debate and responsible participation

Practical task

For National Studies, prepare a local public-service case review in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of the distinction between fact, opinion and unsupported claims.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Entrepreneurial Skills Development

Foundations and shared practice

Explore the development of a viable small enterprise from a defined customer need. Practice centres on a small-enterprise plan and test record, drawing on customer problems and enterprise opportunities and products, services and value propositions. You will record findings, justify decisions and check whether the financial assumptions and customer evidence support the proposal.

Learning outcomes

Define a customer need and a practical enterprise response.
Estimate resources, costs and cash requirements.
Revise a business proposal using evidence from a small market test.

Main topics

Customer problems and enterprise opportunities
Products, services and value propositions
Startup resources and operating costs
Pricing, cash flow and basic records
Market testing and customer feedback
Business risks, responsibilities and growth choices

Practical task

For Entrepreneurial Skills Development, prepare a small-enterprise plan and test record in a property management and real estate valuation setting. Use supplied records, a realistic simulation or authorised supervised practice. Include your working and checks of whether the financial assumptions and customer evidence support the proposal.

Assessment

Applied questions, a worked case and an individual explanation supported by calculations, diagrams or records. Compare alternatives and justify the selected response using evidence.

Valuation Project

Practical integration

Bring together the programme's technical learning in a focused project. Choose a manageable problem involving property valuation 2, property development. Define the required output, gather evidence and develop a justified response. Present the completed work with its method, results and limitations, then explain the improvements made following feedback.

Learning outcomes

Define a feasible project with clear success criteria.
Develop and evaluate a response using technical evidence.
Present the completed project and defend its conclusions.

Main topics

Project problem, purpose and scope
Review of relevant technical evidence
Plan, resources and milestones
Implementation or structured investigation
Testing, interpretation and limitations
Final report, demonstration and reflection

Practical task

Prepare a property case portfolio with inspection information, market evidence, calculations and a reasoned valuation or management report.

Assessment

An approved brief, progress evidence, the final output and an individual presentation are assessed against the stated project criteria.

On The Job Education And Training

Practical integration

Apply your learning through agreed duties in a supervised workplace. You will connect property valuation 2, property development with routine service or production responsibilities. Keep evidence of preparation, work completed and feedback. Review your progress with the supervisor and explain how your decisions affect quality, safety and other people.

Learning outcomes

Complete agreed duties within the supervised role.
Maintain a traceable record of work and feedback.
Evaluate progress and identify specific development needs.

Main topics

Workplace induction and agreed duties
Applying technical knowledge to real work
Work records and evidence of contribution
Team communication and professional conduct
Supervisor feedback and skills development
Reflective review and future learning priorities

Practical task

Complete supervised duties linked to National Diploma in Property Management and Real Estate Valuation. Keep a logbook, samples of permitted work and supervisor feedback.

Assessment

Assessment uses the agreed work plan, supervisor observation, work evidence and an individual reflective discussion.

Skills Proficiency

Practical integration

Demonstrate the practical skills developed across the programme. Tasks integrate property valuation 2, property development within an agreed work brief. You will prepare resources, carry out the authorised task and check the result. Your evidence should show consistent performance, accurate records and an explanation of decisions within your learner role.

Learning outcomes

Plan and complete an integrated task to agreed criteria.
Demonstrate safe and consistent practical performance.
Explain the result and correct identified weaknesses.

Main topics

Interpreting an integrated work brief
Preparing tools, information and resources
Demonstrating the required technical skills
Checking output against agreed criteria
Responding to faults and assessor feedback
Presenting evidence and explaining decisions

Practical task

Prepare a property case portfolio with inspection information, market evidence, calculations and a reasoned valuation or management report.

Assessment

Direct observation, the completed output, a quality-check record and oral questions provide the evidence for this subject.

African History and Pan Africanism 101

Compulsory core module · Level 1

Study African history through oral, written and archaeological evidence. Examine the diversity of African societies, knowledge and exchange, then trace the emergence of Pan African ideas about identity, solidarity and self-determination.

Learning outcomes

Place selected African societies and events within a supported historical timeline.
Compare historical sources and identify perspective, evidence and uncertainty.
Explain the foundations of Pan Africanism and the contributions of Africans and the diaspora.

Main topics

Historical inquiry, chronology, oral traditions and source evaluation
African civilisations, states, trade, livelihoods and knowledge systems
Southern African history, including Mapungubgwe and Great Zimbabwe
Slavery, the African diaspora and changing ideas about identity
Origins of Pan Africanism, solidarity, self-determination and cultural expression

Practical task

Create an annotated timeline or digital learning poster on a selected African society or historical development. Compare at least two credible sources and explain one connection with your field of study.

Assessment

Submit the timeline or poster, an annotated source list and a short explanation of the evidence. Assessment considers chronology, historical accuracy, source judgement and the clarity of your interpretation.

Learning resources

UNESCO: General History of Africa

African History and Pan Africanism 201

Compulsory core module · Level 2

Examine colonial change, resistance and liberation across Africa, with attention to Zimbabwe and South Africa. Compare Pan African movements, organisations and debates, including contributions from women, workers and diaspora communities.

Learning outcomes

Analyse the effects of colonial rule on land, labour, institutions and social relations.
Compare liberation movements and Pan African arguments using contextual evidence.
Explain how different groups shaped independence, solidarity and debates about freedom.

Main topics

Colonial rule, land, labour, education and forms of resistance
Nationalism, liberation and the end of colonial rule and apartheid
Pan African congresses, organisations and contrasting interpretations
Women, labour movements and diaspora participation
The Organisation of African Unity and debates about unity, sovereignty and development

Practical task

Develop a comparative case study of a liberation issue or Pan African debate relevant to Southern Africa. Use a historical document alongside a scholarly account and explain differences in purpose and interpretation.

Assessment

Submit the case study, a source comparison and a reflection on your conclusions. Assessment considers context, evidence, recognition of different perspectives and the quality of your argument.